Plexus Lumbalis and Plexus Sacralis
L1: iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal
L2: genitofemoral
L3: lateral femoral cutaneous
femoral
L4: femoral
obturator
L5: lumbosacral trunk
superior gluteal
S1: inferior gluteal
sciatic (common peroneal)
S2: sciatic (tibial)
S3: sciatic (tibial)
posterior femoral sutaneous
S4: pudendal
S5: pudendal
2009年9月9日星期三
Cochlear Implant and Hybrid Implant
Presentation from Med El and Dr Nirmal Petal
CI implant system is not good for tonal language such as Cantonese and Mandarin as its poor frequency resolution.
Hybrid implants showed best speech discrimination score in patients with Ski-Plate hearing loss at high frequencies.
15% patients lost their low frequency hearing after hybrid implants but still have good speech discrimination abilities.
CI implant system is not good for tonal language such as Cantonese and Mandarin as its poor frequency resolution.
Hybrid implants showed best speech discrimination score in patients with Ski-Plate hearing loss at high frequencies.
15% patients lost their low frequency hearing after hybrid implants but still have good speech discrimination abilities.
2009年9月8日星期二
The Level of Consciousness
Glasgow Coma Scale:
Best motor response
Best verbal response
Eye opening
In most systems, the scale is scales out of 15
3 compatible with brain death
7 usually accepted as a state of coma
Best motor response
Best verbal response
Eye opening
In most systems, the scale is scales out of 15
3 compatible with brain death
7 usually accepted as a state of coma
Contracture
Dupuytren's Contracture
A progressive painless thickening and tighening of subcutaneous tissue of the palm, causing the fourth and fifth fingers to bend into the palm and resist extension
Tendons and nerves are not involved
Surgical removal of the excess fibrous tissue
Valkmann's Contracture
Ischaemic muscle necrosis due to acute vascular occulsion affecting the musckes of the volar forearm compartment, the flexors of the fingers, and thumb and wrist.
Most common associated is with supercondylar humeral fracture in Children
Ulnar Claw Hand
Ulnar nerve palsy
Hyperextension at the metacarpo-phalangeal joints of the little and ring fingers is accompanied by flexion at interphalangeal joints
The deformith is due to lumbrical paralysis to thesr fingers
Wasting of hypothenar muscles and interossei
A progressive painless thickening and tighening of subcutaneous tissue of the palm, causing the fourth and fifth fingers to bend into the palm and resist extension
Tendons and nerves are not involved
Surgical removal of the excess fibrous tissue
Valkmann's Contracture
Ischaemic muscle necrosis due to acute vascular occulsion affecting the musckes of the volar forearm compartment, the flexors of the fingers, and thumb and wrist.
Most common associated is with supercondylar humeral fracture in Children
Ulnar Claw Hand
Ulnar nerve palsy
Hyperextension at the metacarpo-phalangeal joints of the little and ring fingers is accompanied by flexion at interphalangeal joints
The deformith is due to lumbrical paralysis to thesr fingers
Wasting of hypothenar muscles and interossei
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